Testing
✅ 1. What is Software Testing?
📌 Definition:
Software Testing is the process of evaluating and verifying that a software application or system performs as intended and is free from defects.
💡 In simple terms: Testing helps find bugs and issues before the software is delivered to users to ensure quality, functionality, and performance.
🎯 2. Why is Software Testing Important?
Reason
Benefit
Ensure quality and reliability
Delivers a working, stable product to users.
Identify and fix bugs early
Reduces cost and time to fix issues.
Verify business requirements
Ensures the system meets user needs.
Improve user satisfaction
Leads to better user experience.
Ensure security and compliance
Protects against vulnerabilities and data breaches.
✅ 3. Types of Software Testing
Testing Type
Purpose
Example
Functional Testing
Verify system functionalities work as expected.
Test login, registration features.
Non-Functional Testing
Test performance, usability, security.
Load testing, stress testing.
Manual Testing
Tests performed by humans following test cases.
Manually entering data to verify behavior.
Automated Testing
Tests executed by software tools/scripts.
Running Selenium test scripts.
📌 3.1 Functional Testing Includes:
Unit Testing – Test individual components (by developers).
Integration Testing – Test combined parts/modules.
System Testing – Test the whole system as a complete entity.
User Acceptance Testing (UAT) – Validate the system with end-users.
📌 3.2 Non-Functional Testing Includes:
Performance Testing – Check system speed, responsiveness.
Security Testing – Identify vulnerabilities.
Usability Testing – Evaluate user experience and interface.
Compatibility Testing – Ensure it works on different devices/browsers.
✅ 4. Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)
Stage
Description
Requirement Analysis
Understand what needs to be tested.
Test Planning
Plan resources, schedule, and testing approach.
Test Case Development
Write detailed test cases and test data.
Test Environment Setup
Prepare hardware, software for testing.
Test Execution
Run test cases and log defects.
Test Closure
Analyze test results, finalize reports.
✅ 5. Test Case Example
Test Case ID
TC_01
Title
Verify Login Functionality
Description
Check if user can log in with valid credentials.
Preconditions
User has registered an account.
Test Steps
1. Navigate to login page. 2. Enter username/password. 3. Click Login.
Expected Result
User is logged in and redirected to dashboard.
Actual Result
(Filled during test execution).
Status
(Pass/Fail during execution).
✅ 6. Tools Used in Software Testing
Purpose
Examples of Tools
Test Case Management
TestRail, Zephyr, qTest.
Bug Tracking
Jira, Bugzilla, Trello.
Automated Testing
Selenium, TestComplete, Cypress.
Performance Testing
JMeter, LoadRunner.
API Testing
Postman, SoapUI.
Continuous Testing (CI/CD)
Jenkins, CircleCI, GitHub Actions.
✅ 7. Role of Business Analyst in Testing
Activity
BA’s Role
Requirement Clarification
Ensure testers understand business logic.
Test Case Review
Review test cases to ensure coverage.
User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
Coordinate with users for final validation.
Defect Triage
Help prioritize bug fixing based on business impact.
Change Requests
Clarify any scope changes that arise.
✅ 8. Best Practices in Testing
Practice
Reason
Start testing early
Detect issues sooner, reduce cost of fixes.
Write clear and detailed test cases
Ensure accurate and consistent testing.
Automate repetitive tests
Save time and reduce human error.
Prioritize critical functionalities
Focus on areas with highest business impact.
Track defects effectively
Manage and resolve issues efficiently.
Involve stakeholders in UAT
Ensure the solution meets real user needs.
✅ 9. Summary of Software Testing
Aspect
Explanation
Definition
Process of verifying and validating software.
Types
Functional, non-functional, manual, automated.
Life Cycle
STLC – From requirement analysis to closure.
Tools
Selenium, JIRA, Postman, JMeter, TestRail.
Role of BA
Support in requirement clarity, UAT, defect triage.
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