Testing

✅ 1. What is Software Testing?

📌 Definition:

Software Testing is the process of evaluating and verifying that a software application or system performs as intended and is free from defects.

💡 In simple terms: Testing helps find bugs and issues before the software is delivered to users to ensure quality, functionality, and performance.

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🎯 2. Why is Software Testing Important?

Reason	Benefit
Ensure quality and reliability	Delivers a working, stable product to users.
Identify and fix bugs early	Reduces cost and time to fix issues.
Verify business requirements	Ensures the system meets user needs.
Improve user satisfaction	Leads to better user experience.
Ensure security and compliance	Protects against vulnerabilities and data breaches.

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✅ 3. Types of Software Testing

Testing Type	Purpose	Example
Functional Testing	Verify system functionalities work as expected.	Test login, registration features.
Non-Functional Testing	Test performance, usability, security.	Load testing, stress testing.
Manual Testing	Tests performed by humans following test cases.	Manually entering data to verify behavior.
Automated Testing	Tests executed by software tools/scripts.	Running Selenium test scripts.

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📌 3.1 Functional Testing Includes:

• Unit Testing – Test individual components (by developers).

• Integration Testing – Test combined parts/modules.

• System Testing – Test the whole system as a complete entity.

• User Acceptance Testing (UAT) – Validate the system with end-users.

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📌 3.2 Non-Functional Testing Includes:

• Performance Testing – Check system speed, responsiveness.

• Security Testing – Identify vulnerabilities.

• Usability Testing – Evaluate user experience and interface.

• Compatibility Testing – Ensure it works on different devices/browsers.

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✅ 4. Software Testing Life Cycle (STLC)

Stage	Description
Requirement Analysis	Understand what needs to be tested.
Test Planning	Plan resources, schedule, and testing approach.
Test Case Development	Write detailed test cases and test data.
Test Environment Setup	Prepare hardware, software for testing.
Test Execution	Run test cases and log defects.
Test Closure	Analyze test results, finalize reports.

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✅ 5. Test Case Example

Test Case ID	TC_01
Title	Verify Login Functionality
Description	Check if user can log in with valid credentials.
Preconditions	User has registered an account.
Test Steps	1. Navigate to login page. 2. Enter username/password. 3. Click Login.
Expected Result	User is logged in and redirected to dashboard.
Actual Result	(Filled during test execution).
Status	(Pass/Fail during execution).

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✅ 6. Tools Used in Software Testing

Purpose	Examples of Tools
Test Case Management	TestRail, Zephyr, qTest.
Bug Tracking	Jira, Bugzilla, Trello.
Automated Testing	Selenium, TestComplete, Cypress.
Performance Testing	JMeter, LoadRunner.
API Testing	Postman, SoapUI.
Continuous Testing (CI/CD)	Jenkins, CircleCI, GitHub Actions.

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✅ 7. Role of Business Analyst in Testing

Activity	BA’s Role
Requirement Clarification	Ensure testers understand business logic.
Test Case Review	Review test cases to ensure coverage.
User Acceptance Testing (UAT)	Coordinate with users for final validation.
Defect Triage	Help prioritize bug fixing based on business impact.
Change Requests	Clarify any scope changes that arise.

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✅ 8. Best Practices in Testing

Practice	Reason
Start testing early	Detect issues sooner, reduce cost of fixes.
Write clear and detailed test cases	Ensure accurate and consistent testing.
Automate repetitive tests	Save time and reduce human error.
Prioritize critical functionalities	Focus on areas with highest business impact.
Track defects effectively	Manage and resolve issues efficiently.
Involve stakeholders in UAT	Ensure the solution meets real user needs.

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✅ 9. Summary of Software Testing

Aspect	Explanation
Definition	Process of verifying and validating software.
Types	Functional, non-functional, manual, automated.
Life Cycle	STLC – From requirement analysis to closure.
Tools	Selenium, JIRA, Postman, JMeter, TestRail.
Role of BA	Support in requirement clarity, UAT, defect triage.